Periodic Table

#import "@preview/cetz:0.5.3": canvas, draw
#import draw: content, rect

#set page(width: auto, height: auto, margin: 15pt, fill: none)
#set text(size: 12pt)

// Alkali and lanthanide fills stay light enough that their mid-tone dark-mode inversion
// keeps black text and the gray man-made symbols readable.
#let colors = (
  alkali-metal: rgb("#9b9bff"),
  alkaline-earth: rgb("#89a9ff"),
  metal: rgb("#89c9ff"),
  metalloid: rgb("#ffa959"),
  nonmetal: rgb("#59d9d9"),
  halogen: rgb("#ffff59"),
  noble-gas: rgb("#89ff89"),
  lanthanide: rgb("#ffa0a0"),
  synthetic: rgb("#444444"),
)

#let elements = (
  // Period 1
  (
    (1, 1.0079, "H", "Hydrogen", colors.nonmetal),
    ..(none,) * 16,
    (2, 4.0025, "He", "Helium", colors.noble-gas),
  ),
  // Period 2
  (
    (3, 6.941, "Li", "Lithium", colors.alkali-metal),
    (4, 9.0122, "Be", "Beryllium", colors.alkaline-earth),
    ..(none,) * 10,
    (5, 10.811, "B", "Boron", colors.metalloid),
    (6, 12.011, "C", "Carbon", colors.nonmetal),
    (7, 14.007, "N", "Nitrogen", colors.nonmetal),
    (8, 15.999, "O", "Oxygen", colors.nonmetal),
    (9, 18.998, "F", "Fluorine", colors.halogen),
    (10, 20.180, "Ne", "Neon", colors.noble-gas),
  ),
  // Period 3
  (
    (11, 22.990, "Na", "Sodium", colors.alkali-metal),
    (12, 24.305, "Mg", "Magnesium", colors.alkaline-earth),
    ..(none,) * 10,
    (13, 26.982, "Al", "Aluminum", colors.metal),
    (14, 28.086, "Si", "Silicon", colors.metalloid),
    (15, 30.974, "P", "Phosphorus", colors.nonmetal),
    (16, 32.065, "S", "Sulfur", colors.nonmetal),
    (17, 35.453, "Cl", "Chlorine", colors.halogen),
    (18, 39.948, "Ar", "Argon", colors.noble-gas),
  ),
  // Period 4
  (
    (19, 39.098, "K", "Potassium", colors.alkali-metal),
    (20, 40.078, "Ca", "Calcium", colors.alkaline-earth),
    (21, 44.956, "Sc", "Scandium", colors.metal),
    (22, 47.867, "Ti", "Titanium", colors.metal),
    (23, 50.942, "V", "Vanadium", colors.metal),
    (24, 51.996, "Cr", "Chromium", colors.metal),
    (25, 54.938, "Mn", "Manganese", colors.metal),
    (26, 55.845, "Fe", "Iron", colors.metal),
    (27, 58.933, "Co", "Cobalt", colors.metal),
    (28, 58.693, "Ni", "Nickel", colors.metal),
    (29, 63.546, "Cu", "Copper", colors.metal),
    (30, 65.39, "Zn", "Zinc", colors.metal),
    (31, 69.723, "Ga", "Gallium", colors.metal),
    (32, 72.64, "Ge", "Germanium", colors.metalloid),
    (33, 74.922, "As", "Arsenic", colors.metalloid),
    (34, 78.96, "Se", "Selenium", colors.nonmetal),
    (35, 79.904, "Br", "Bromine", colors.halogen),
    (36, 83.8, "Kr", "Krypton", colors.noble-gas),
  ),
  // Period 5
  (
    (37, 85.468, "Rb", "Rubidium", colors.alkali-metal),
    (38, 87.62, "Sr", "Strontium", colors.alkaline-earth),
    (39, 88.906, "Y", "Yttrium", colors.metal),
    (40, 91.224, "Zr", "Zirconium", colors.metal),
    (41, 92.906, "Nb", "Niobium", colors.metal),
    (42, 95.94, "Mo", "Molybdenum", colors.metal),
    (43, 96, "Tc", "Technetium", colors.metal),
    (44, 101.07, "Ru", "Ruthenium", colors.metal),
    (45, 102.91, "Rh", "Rhodium", colors.metal),
    (46, 106.42, "Pd", "Palladium", colors.metal),
    (47, 107.87, "Ag", "Silver", colors.metal),
    (48, 112.41, "Cd", "Cadmium", colors.metal),
    (49, 114.82, "In", "Indium", colors.metal),
    (50, 118.71, "Sn", "Tin", colors.metal),
    (51, 121.76, "Sb", "Antimony", colors.metalloid),
    (52, 127.6, "Te", "Tellurium", colors.metalloid),
    (53, 126.9, "I", "Iodine", colors.halogen),
    (54, 131.29, "Xe", "Xenon", colors.noble-gas),
  ),
  // Period 6
  (
    (55, 132.91, "Cs", "Cesium", colors.alkali-metal),
    (56, 137.33, "Ba", "Barium", colors.alkaline-earth),
    ("57-71", "", text("La-Lu", size: 28pt), "Lanthanide", colors.lanthanide),
    (72, 178.49, "Hf", "Hafnium", colors.metal),
    (73, 180.95, "Ta", "Tantalum", colors.metal),
    (74, 183.84, "W", "Tungsten", colors.metal),
    (75, 186.21, "Re", "Rhenium", colors.metal),
    (76, 190.23, "Os", "Osmium", colors.metal),
    (77, 192.22, "Ir", "Iridium", colors.metal),
    (78, 195.08, "Pt", "Platinum", colors.metal),
    (79, 196.97, "Au", "Gold", colors.metal),
    (80, 200.59, "Hg", "Mercury", colors.metal),
    (81, 204.38, "Tl", "Thallium", colors.metal),
    (82, 207.2, "Pb", "Lead", colors.metal),
    (83, 208.98, "Bi", "Bismuth", colors.metal),
    (84, 209, "Po", "Polonium", colors.metalloid),
    (85, 210, "At", "Astatine", colors.halogen),
    (86, 222, "Rn", "Radon", colors.noble-gas),
  ),
  // Period 7
  (
    (87, 223, "Fr", "Francium", colors.alkali-metal),
    (88, 226, "Ra", "Radium", colors.alkaline-earth),
    ("89-103", "", text("Ac-Lr", size: 28pt), "Actinide", colors.lanthanide),
    (104, 261, "Rf", "Rutherfordium", colors.metal),
    (105, 262, "Db", "Dubnium", colors.metal),
    (106, 266, "Sg", "Seaborgium", colors.metal),
    (107, 264, "Bh", "Bohrium", colors.metal),
    (108, 277, "Hs", "Hassium", colors.metal),
    (109, 268, "Mt", "Meitnerium", colors.metal),
    (110, 281, "Ds", "Darmstadtium", colors.metal),
    (111, 280, "Rg", "Roentgenium", colors.metal),
    (112, 285, "Cn", "Copernicium", colors.metal),
    (113, 284, "Nh", "Nihonium", colors.metal),
    (114, 289, "Fl", "Flerovium", colors.metal),
    (115, 288, "Mc", "Moscovium", colors.metal),
    (116, 293, "Lv", "Livermorium", colors.metal),
    (117, 294, "Ts", "Tennessine", colors.halogen),
    (118, 294, "Og", "Oganesson", colors.noble-gas),
  ),
)

#let lanthanides = (
  (57, 138.91, "La", "Lanthanum"),
  (58, 140.12, "Ce", "Cerium"),
  (59, 140.91, "Pr", "Praseodymium"),
  (60, 144.24, "Nd", "Neodymium"),
  (61, 145, "Pm", "Promethium"),
  (62, 150.36, "Sm", "Samarium"),
  (63, 151.96, "Eu", "Europium"),
  (64, 157.25, "Gd", "Gadolinium"),
  (65, 158.93, "Tb", "Terbium"),
  (66, 162.50, "Dy", "Dysprosium"),
  (67, 164.93, "Ho", "Holmium"),
  (68, 167.26, "Er", "Erbium"),
  (69, 168.93, "Tm", "Thulium"),
  (70, 173.04, "Yb", "Ytterbium"),
  (71, 174.97, "Lu", "Lutetium"),
)

#let actinides = (
  (89, 227, "Ac", "Actinium"),
  (90, 232.04, "Th", "Thorium"),
  (91, 231.04, "Pa", "Protactinium"),
  (92, 238.03, "U", "Uranium"),
  (93, 237, "Np", "Neptunium"),
  (94, 244, "Pu", "Plutonium"),
  (95, 243, "Am", "Americium"),
  (96, 247, "Cm", "Curium"),
  (97, 247, "Bk", "Berkelium"),
  (98, 251, "Cf", "Californium"),
  (99, 252, "Es", "Einsteinium"),
  (100, 257, "Fm", "Fermium"),
  (101, 258, "Md", "Mendelevium"),
  (102, 259, "No", "Nobelium"),
  (103, 262, "Lr", "Lawrencium"),
)

// Elements past uranium (Z > 92) are man-made and get a gray symbol.
#let element(number, mass, symbol, name, fill: rgb("#cdd3da")) = {
  let symbol-color = if type(number) == int and number > 92 { colors.synthetic } else { black }
  box(width: 3cm, height: 3cm, fill: fill, stroke: 0.7pt, inset: 4pt)[
    #set align(center)
    #text(size: 18pt, weight: "bold")[#number #h(1fr) #mass]\
    #v(1fr)
    #text(size: 40pt, weight: "bold", fill: symbol-color)[#symbol]\
    #v(1fr)
    #text(size: 13pt)[#name]
  ]
}

#canvas({
  let cell-size = 3.25
  let lanthanide-gap = 2.5 // extra gap above the f-block rows (periods 8 and 9)
  let pos(group, period) = (
    (group - 1) * cell-size,
    -(period - 1) * cell-size - if period > 7 { lanthanide-gap } else { 0 },
  )

  for (period, row) in elements.enumerate(start: 1) {
    for (group, data) in row.enumerate(start: 1) {
      if data != none { content(pos(group, period), element(..data.slice(0, 4), fill: data.at(4))) }
    }
  }

  // The f-block rows hang below the main table, starting under group 3
  for (period, series) in ((8, lanthanides), (9, actinides)) {
    for (idx, data) in series.enumerate() {
      content(pos(idx + 3, period), element(..data, fill: colors.lanthanide))
    }
  }

  for period in range(1, 8) {
    content((rel: (-cell-size * 0.6, 0), to: pos(1, period)), text(
      size: 16pt,
      weight: "bold",
    )[#period])
  }

  // Group labels sit above the first element in each column
  let groups = "IA IIA IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB VIIIB VIIIB VIIIB IB IIB IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA VIIIA".split()
  for (num, label) in groups.enumerate(start: 1) {
    let first-period = if num in (1, 18) { 1 } else if num <= 2 or num >= 13 { 2 } else { 4 }
    content((rel: (0, cell-size * 0.7), to: pos(num, first-period)), box(width: 3cm)[
      #text(size: 14pt, weight: "bold")[#num #h(1fr) #label]
    ])
  }

  let (legend-x, legend-y) = (-0.5 * cell-size, -6.8 * cell-size)
  for (idx, (label, color)) in (
    ("Alkali Metal", colors.alkali-metal),
    ("Alkaline Earth Metal", colors.alkaline-earth),
    ("Transition/Other Metal", colors.metal),
    ("Metalloid", colors.metalloid),
    ("Nonmetal", colors.nonmetal),
    ("Halogen", colors.halogen),
    ("Noble Gas", colors.noble-gas),
    ("Lanthanide & Actinide", colors.lanthanide),
  ).enumerate() {
    rect((legend-x, legend-y - idx), (rel: (0.8, -0.8)), fill: color, stroke: 0.7pt, name: "swatch")
    content((rel: (0.2, 0), to: "swatch.east"), text(size: 14pt, label), anchor: "west")
  }

  // Element key
  content((12, -4), element("Z", "mass", text("Symbol", size: 22pt), "Name"), name: "key")
  content((rel: (4.5, 0), to: "key"), text(size: 18pt)[
    black: natural\
    #text(fill: colors.synthetic)[gray: man-made]
  ])
})